Light triggers grass seeds to germinate. Without light, the seed is dormant and unable to grow. Some types of light are more effective than others. Sunlight works best, while long-term exposure to artificial light can weaken the effect or even prevent it from happening at all.
Climate also affects germination. Temperature ranges of between 45-85 degrees Fahrenheit create the best conditions for growth, while cold spells may cause seeds not to sprout at all or only part-way.
Soil plays a role, too; it needs an ideal balance of nutrients for grass seed to develop into a fully grown plant. Acidity levels need to be just right so nutrients are readily available at the root level.
Unfortunately, soil rarely contains all that’s needed for healthy grass growth, so fertilizers and other amendments should be used regularly. Components such as nitrogen and potassium need to always be in balance in order for nutrient uptake and absorption rates by grass plants to remain optimal.
Water is perhaps the most important factor in enabling successful germination of grass seeds since they simply don’t develop without it. However, over-watering should be avoided as it causes poor drainage and can lead to soil compaction, which can stunt natural root development of newly planted seeds — meaning your grass won’t have access to sufficient oxygen and essential nutrients needed for healthy growth rates either.